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The neuroanatomical basis of meridian effects is one of the focuses of acupuncture mechanism studies. Meridian effects depend mainly on the generation, conduction, integration and output of acupuncture information in the acupoint, spinal cord and brain.The neural tracer technique is a basic method in neurobiology. This article presents recent years' advances in the application of the neural tracer technique to acupuncture field and summarizes the types of neural tracer used in acupuncture studies and regularities in the distribution of neurons and their fibers related to labeled meridians and acupoints in spinal segments and brain regions to provide methodological reference for studies on neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture effects.
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The accurate location of acupoints is the prerequisite for the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are commonly used in clinic for acupoints location. Based on the systematic review of the ancient literatures, this article discussed the meaning, evolution and relations of bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement. It’s concluded that the bone-length measurement should be a benchmark in ancient anthropometry and an important basis for acupoints location. Bone proportional measurement, used in different genders, ages and body sizes, was based on the relatively stable proportional relations of various body parts, though some of the standards were adjusted in accordance with the correlation between meridians and acupoints. Location of points by proportional unit of the body simplified the application of bone-length measurement and bone proportional measurement, based on the ratio between short and long bones or the ratio of same body parts in anthropometry. However, proportional unit of the body measurement should be applied for the specific body parts. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are correspondingly the benchmark measurement, relative measurement, and simplified measurement.
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BACKGROUND:The ankle is one of the most important joints of human body. Medial maleolar fractures are very common, and there are lots of surgical methods to treat it. A traditional approach is open reduction and internal fixation. As views changed, percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation become increasingly popular, but various clinical studies are stil needed to analyze the efficacy of these two methods. OBJECTIVE:To compare the recovery of joint function after medial maleolus fracture repaired by open reduction and internal fixation and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation. METHODS:A total of 63 cases of medial maleolus fracture, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Xinyi City from March 2009 to March 2013, were enroled. According to repair plan, they were divided into two groups: open reduction and internal fixation group (n=29) and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation group (n=34). Ankle function was assessed in accordance with Kofoed ankle score standard on admission and at 3 months after repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patients were folowed up for 3 to 12 months. Among 29 cases in the open reduction and internal fixation group, the wound was healed at grade A in 27 cases and at grade B in 2 cases; 29 cases were reset, and no poor reduction was found. In the percutaneous cannulated screw fixation group, 34 cases had healing at grade A, with the presence of good reduction. Al patients experienced bone union, and no infection appeared. In accordance with Kofoed score, at 3 months of folow-up, the satisfaction rate was 97% in the open reduction and internal fixation group, and 100% in the percutaneous cannulated screw fixation group. These data suggest that both open reduction and internal fixation and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation for medial maleolus fracture obtained positive effects, but percutaneous cannulated screw fixation showed smal surgical trauma, which could reduce the rate of infection and contributed to early functional recovery of ankle joint.
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Objective To detect the doubling time of airway smooth muscle cells of human and rat by the xCELLigence in-strument,a real time cellular analyzer.Methods The airway smooth muscle cells were separated by collagenase-pancreatin digestion from the rat airway.Then,added to the different holes of E-plate of xCELLigence instrument with the planting destiny of 3 000 cells/well.and so were the human airway smooth muscle cells.The E-plate was then placed on the xCELLi-gence instrument to monitor cell proliferation for 100 hours to calculate the doubling time by using the RTCA Software Package 2.0 software.Results The doubling time of human airway smooth muscle cell calculated by the real time cellular analyzer was 23.96±0.47 h,which was consistent with the data provided by the reference.The doubling time of rat airway smooth muscle cell was 18.62±0.15 h,and the computational process was simple,time-saving and also effective.Conclusion The xCELLigence instrument can be used to calculate doubling time of airway smooth muscle cells of human and rat, which provides experimental methods and reference data for the basic respiratory disease research.
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As a new technique ,CT spectral imaging can obtain two images of different energy level at same phase simultaneously ,then immediately rebuild high definition monoenergetic images ranging from 40 kV to 140 kV .It provides reliable data and information for early qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of diseases ,which possess huge potential in clinical and science research ;and more extensive developing space for developing of scientific research and clinical application .
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Point Dingchuan (Ex-B1) pertains to extraordinary points and often produces a good therapeutic effect on respiratory system diseases. Ancient Chinese medical books do not record point Dingchuan. Modern Chinese medical textbooks describe the location and efficacy of and indications for this point but do not state their provenances. In order to further popularize the clinical application of point Dingchuan, this article verifies the origin and development of the name and location of point Dingchuan so as to provide a certain reference for clinically correct selection and use of this point. The results show that point Dingchuan followed the course of development from ashi point to new point and then to extraordinary point. The development of point Dingchuan to the same acupoint name and location as now international use went mainly through four stages, that is, similar name and different location, similar name and location, same name and different location, and same name and location.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of HIF-1 and VEGF and the correlation with pathological score of synovium in adjuvant-induce-arthritis rat knee joint.Methods: Models of adjuvant arthritis(AA)in rats were made successfully, the arthral pathological score was calculated, production of HIF-1α and VEGF protein was assayed by histoimmunchemical staining at different stage after CFA inoculation.Results:The HIF-1α and VEGF concentration in experimental group were higher than that in control group, and there was significant difference (P＜0.01).And correlation between them was significantly(P＜0.01), similar with pathological score of synovium(P＜0.01).Conclusion:HIF-1α and VEGF play important roles in the development and progression of synovium of knee joint in AA rat.The interaction of them promote development and progression of neonatal vascular in synovium.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of HIF-1? and VEGF and the correlation with pathological score of synovium in adjuvant-induce-arthritis rat knee joint.Methods:Models of adjuvant arthritis(AA) in rats were made successfully,the arthral pathological score was calculated,production of HIF-1? and VEGF protein was assayed by histoimmunochemical staining at different stage after CFA inoculation.Results:The HIF-1? and VEGF concentration in experimental group were higher than that in control group,and there was significant difference(P
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By using 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase (5'-Nase-AlPase) double staining method, the fine distribution of the lymph vessels in the stomach wall of the rabbit, guinea pig and rat has been observed. Under light microscope lymph capillaries showed strongly 5'-Nase positive reaction with brown or dark brown staining. However blood capillaries revealed significantly A1Pase activity with blue staining. The lymph capillaries were seen in all layers of the stomach wall in three species, but the lymph vessels were only shown in the submucosa, muscularis and serosa. In the mucosa lymph capillaries could be found in the deep layer of the lamina propria. In the submucosa there were lymph vessels and capillaries. In the muscularis lymph capillaries and vessels not only could be found between oblique and circular muscle or between circular and longitudinal muscle, but also among muscle fiber bundles of each layer. In the serosa there were larger lymph vessels situated near the muscularis. The observation on semithin and ultrathin sections also shown the similarity in the lymph vessels distribution. There was no difference in the distribution of lymph vessels in the stomach wall between rabbit, guinea pig and rat.